More than two million people worldwide are being treated for end-stage renal disease (ESRD), and treatment models and access to treatment widely differ. Below, we’ll look at ESRD treatment modalities around the world, patient survival rates and more.

The United States has some of the highest rates of kidney failure in the world, according to the United States Renal Data System (USRDS) annual report. Not only that, the USRDS reports that U.S. death rates for dialysis are no longer decreasing.

Around 80% of new dialysis patients in the U.S. begin treatment with a catheter, compared to 23% of new dialysis patients in Europe.

Preemptive transplants are used 1% to 2% of the time in patients in the U.S., while up to 40% of patients in the UK — some Scandanavian countries and the Netherlands receive them. Preemptive kidney transplants have several benefits, including a decreased risk of organ rejection, not having to be on dialysis, and more. Most preemptive kidney transplants come from kidneys donated from living donors. 

According to the Health Resources and Services Administration, there were 6,831 living donors in the U.S. in 2018, which may explain why the United States’s rate of preemptive transplants is so low. 

Learn more about how ESRD is treated in the U.S. versus the rest of the world in this interactive page.